conscious parallelism मीनिंग इन हिंदी

उदाहरण वाक्य

1. "' Conscious parallelism "'is a term used in competition law to describe pricing strategies among competitors in an oligopoly that occurs without an actual agreement between the players.
2. Circumstantial evidence of consciously parallel behavior may have made heavy inroads into the traditional judicial attitude toward conspiracy, but " conscious parallelism " has not yet read conspiracy out of the Sherman Act entirely.
3. "There is a sort of conscious parallelism going on, in that a quick, easy settlement benefits the company and benefits the lawyers, " said Boston attorney Jonathan Shapiro, who represents about 100 objectors.
4. Antitrust Law Journal ", saw " Masonite " as a " major step in expanding the " Interstate Circuit " concept of conscious parallelism, " in that ( he asserted ) it eliminated the requirement of interdependence among the spokes.
5. It does not work in refusal-to-deal cases, he points out, because it is impossible to tell whether a buyer acquiesces in a seller's demand in order to avoid the seller's unilaterally refusing to deal with him if he does not acquiesce, " only to get the product, not caring what others do, " or instead does so because " it is necessary that all dealers adhere to the seller's wishes for the restrictive plan to succeed . " It is thus " practicably impossible to determine whether the conscious parallelism was dependent or interdependent, in the sense that there was or was not a unity of anticompetitive purpose among the seller and acquiescing dealers . " Day concludes that a better legal test " must be found if there is to be any positive means for distinguishing between lawful and unlawful refusals to deal ."